The four aims of the research project are theoretical (1st and 4th aims) and empirical (2nd and 3rd aims). The 1st aim is to originally framing a Nature Based Solutions (NBs)based urban management in a new insightful light. We investigate the role of NBSs in enabling urban resilience according to the last level of resilience: the transformative one. The 2nd aim is to empirically analyze the NBSs and the related urban transformations with regards to a significant set of Italian cases study. The research on field concerns the towns of Latina, Lucca, Macerata and Mantua. The 3rd aim deals with the other empirical part of the project: the biomonitoring. The proposal is to study the ecological resilience by originally introducing the biomonitoring science into the NBs concept. Two managerial tools we recently introduced the Overlap Index - OBI and the Monitoring Breakdown Structure (MBS) will be tested. The 4th aim deals with Covid-19 questions that will not go away. It tries to enlightening urban and socio-spatial implications of COVID-19 measures: the actual normal will be the new normal? Answering to this question aims to originate insights for areas where future research will be critically needed. 1. We here apply an integrated approach among the different fields of research aiming to identify viable solutions towards a sustainable development of urban context consistent with Agenda 2030-SDG 11 "sustainable cities and communities". 2. The other innovative aspect is the on field research by studying the of NBSs in four Italian cities that are involved in NBSs-based projects. Bridging these two innovative aspects will lead to propose an urban model based on "4P and 1T", i.e. a model involving Preparation, Prevention, Protection, Promotion and Transformation policies for enhancing the transformative resilience in urban contexts. This novel integrated approach will allow to identify updated lines of possible transformative resilience-based solutions towards the SDGs.
