Ricerc@Sapienza

At the start of the third millennium, the path towards gender equality more uncertain than ever. Changes in behaviours in the areas of private and public life reveal the permanence of a structural principle of masculine domination. While the behaviours and trajectories of men and women have relatively converged in recent years, they have not fundamentally challenged the social division of gender roles. To understand this evolution in gender relations, one has to examine the content and effects of the changes that have occurred, and assess their scope.

Children’s development and health may be affected by toxic heavy metal exposure or suboptimal essential element intake. This study aimed to provide updated information regarding the concentrations of 41 elements in children’s hair (aged under 18) living in a rural area of the Benishangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia.

Background:
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare ocular surface inflammatory disease that affects mainly boys in the first decade of life. Clinical observations show that it generally regresses spontaneously with the onset of puberty, but therapeutic measures must be taken before then to control the course of the disease.
Purpose:

Background: Schoolchildren screening for allergic diseases may improve early identification and management of atopic children. The aim of this study was to perform a schoolchildren screening program for identification of children with allergic diseases. Methods: All parents of children attending to 13 primary schools in the city of Rome were requested to fill in a demographic data form and the ChAt questionnaire. Allergological evaluation was performed in the children with suspect of allergy (ChAt score > 2). Ocular examination was performed to identify signs of allergic conjunctivitis.

There is a growing awareness that children may experience hyperacusis, a condition that is often associated with behavioral and developmental disorders. This preliminary study was aimed to investigate the effects of hyperacusis alone on various components of speech and language in children without developmental disorders. This study was conducted on 109 children aged between 4 and 7 years attending kindergarten and primary school. Hyperacusis was assessed through behavioral observation of children and questionnaires for parents.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) and snoring are important health issues in the pediatric popu- lation, with a respective prevalence of 0.1% to 13% and 6% to 12% and a strict correlation with recurrent upper airway disease. Awareness of OSAS and snoring as health issues in children and adolescents is inadequate; there is a significant gap between the estimated number of children with OSAS and clinically diagnosed cases.

Background: Colorectal polyps are reported in 6,1% of paediatric colonoscopies and in 12% of those performed for
lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Although colonoscopy is widely used in paediatric patients, it requires bowel
preparation and general anaesthesia or deep sedation, and in rare cases, it can cause complications. Non-invasive
screening techniques able to predict polyps in children with isolated and sporadic rectal bleeding may play a key
role in the selection of patients needing colonoscopy.

Background: Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in children is uncommon. Dieulafoy lesion is an uncommon disease which may lead to massive and repeated upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We report two cases of gastric Dieulafoy lesion successfully treated with either band ligation or endoscopic hemoclipping. CASE PRESENTATION: First case report: A previously healthy 18-month-old female infant with E. coli sepsis, pneumonia and respiratory failure with bilateral pneumothorax requiring chest drainage.

Following the triadic taxonomy, three different body representations do exist, namely the body semantics, the body structural representation and the body schema. The development of these body representations has been widely investigated in toddlers, but several issues remain to be addressed in school age.

Children shift their attention based on the gaze direction of another person but it is unclear whether they prioritize only the gaze of fearful faces over neutral ones or more generally, the gaze of emotional faces. School children performed a gaze-cueing task, in which central, non-predictive happy, angry, and neutral face-cues were briefly presented with averted gaze. Findings for 9–10-year-old children showed that the magnitude of gaze-cueing effects for happy and angry face-cues was similar and it was particularly larger with angry compared to neutral face-cues.