Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated systemic condition evoked by ingestion of gluten and related prolamines in genetically susceptible subjects. The disease is featured by a variable combination of clinical signs, specific antibodies, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 haplotypes, and enteropathy. Vaccination is the most potent intervention for infectious disease prevention.
Observational learning has been investigated in monkeys mainly using conspecifics or humans as models to observe. Some studies attempted to clarify the social agent’s role and to test whether non-human primates could learn from observation of a non-social agent, usually mentioned as a ‘ghost display’ condition, but they reported conflicting results. To address this question, we trained three rhesus monkeys in an object-in-place task consisting of the presentation of five subsequent problems composed of two objects, one rewarded and one unrewarded, for six times, or runs.
This study aims at determining serum levels of tryptophan and other metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to healthy controls. Such metabolites interact with glutamate receptors in the central nervous system, potentially modulating mechanisms that are pivotal in ADHD and thus potentially representing peripheral biomarkers of the disorder.
The aims of the present studywere to establish reference values useful in monitoring Lithium(Li) treatment and
to trace environmental Li exposure profiles in paediatric age.
A cross-sectional studywas conducted on a group of healthy Italian children aged 5–11. Data on possible predictors
were assessed through a questionnaire, and Li levels in morning and evening urinary samples were determined
by ICP-MS technique.
The reference intervals for the evening and morning samples were respectively 3.8–51.9 μg L−1 or
BACKGROUND:
The day of February 13th, 1921, a barefoot little girl came out of one of Trastevere’s alleys and walked slowly along King’s Avenue.
Epidemiological evidences show that SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is less frequent and severe than adults. Age-related ACE2 receptor expression, lymphocyte count and trained immunity might be the keystone to reveal children's secret.
High-grade gliomas(HGGs) in pediatric age have the same bad prognosis as those arising in adults. Approximately one-half of HGGs in children
occur in the brain stem, most frequently within the pons as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma or other midline structures. Although they have the
same histological appearance of adult malignant gliomas, in recent years, the extensive use of molecular profiling techniques has demonstrated
significant molecular differences between the two age groups. These data have led to a major reclassification of pediatric HGG (pHGG) based
OBJECTIVES: To comprehensively explore metabolic and genetic contributors to liver fat accumulation in overweight/obese children.METHODS: Two hundred thirty Italian children with obesity were investigated for metabolic parameters and genotyped for PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, and MBOAT7 gene variants. Percentage hepatic fat content (HFF%) was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance.RESULTS: HFF% was positively related with BMI, HOMA(IR), metabolic syndrome, ALT, AST, gamma GT, and albumin.
Background: Obesity in youth is associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders. Adipose
tissue hormones are involved in body-weight regulation. Among these, apelin is recognized as an
insulin-sensitizer adipokine. Data on apelin levels in obese children and its relation to insulinsensitivity
are limited.
Objective: We aimed to evaluate apelin levels in relation to obesity and insulin sensitivity in a large
cohort of overweight/obese children and adolescents. Furthermore, these youths were reevaluated
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