Ricerc@Sapienza

The Kaufman source acquired allows varying the proton beam energy from 10 to 1200 eV with a high degree of reproducibility and control. The same applies to the dose of incorporated protons. These very important parameters are typically hard to control by other systems, such as plasma sources or electrochemical methods. Indeed, Kaufman sources are configured to have the region of gas ionization physically separate from the intended target, avoiding exposure of the samples to intense and potentially damaging electric fields.

The MIRcat-xB is a field-proven multi-quantum cascade laser system. It features high-speed tuning, high spectral repeatability, improved thermal management fro room-temperatire operation without a cooling system, and long-wavelength option to the first generation of QCLs. The MIRcat is truly a one-box, fully automated system with a flexible, modular design that allows factory configuration of up to four pulsed or continuous wave/pulsed modules, plus the option to add or upgrade modules later.

Despite having an optimal sample for crystallization, obtaining crystals can be an arduous and unpredictable goal. The most important approaches to overcome this bottleneck were the discovery of appropriate precipitants, new methods of preparation of macromolecule samples, new methods of carrying out crystallization experiments but above all the increase of crystallization efficiency through automation.